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Why don’t computers use a different base for numbers?

The simple reason why binary beats all other number bases

30 April 2025

Why not Base-4?

At first glance, it seems logical to ask: Why don’t computers use Base-4 instead of Base-2? After all, wouldn’t using more numbers give us more power? While it might sound appealing, the reality comes down to the fundamental way electronics work—and why binary remains unbeatable.

Electronics love simplicity

Computers are built on circuits that recognise two states: “off” and “on”. These states are easy, reliable, and practical for electronics to detect. Base-4, on the other hand, would mean handling four distinct states—imagine “off,” “partly on,” and “fully on.” Cool in theory, but impractical in reality. Building hardware to detect such levels would not only be expensive but also error-prone. Think of it like trying to get a light switch to dim to exactly 37%—possible, but far from practical.

A costly rewrite of history

Binary’s dominance dates back to the early days of computing, when switches were literal levers toggling between two positions. Switching to Base-4 today would require a complete overhaul of modern technology. Every programme would need rewriting, every processor redesigning, and every programmer retraining. The cost? More than even the world’s wealthiest could cover.

Base-3 computers: A brief history

Interestingly, a ternary (Base-3) computer was once a serious contender in the 1950s. Yet, despite its potential, binary won out for its simplicity, reliability, and efficiency. The entire computing industry has been built on this foundation, and for good reason: sometimes less really is more.

The unbeatable efficiency of binary

While other number bases could theoretically work, binary remains the gold standard. Its simplicity makes it easy to implement, cost-effective, and highly reliable. If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it—or add unnecessary complexity.


Want to dive deeper? Watch our full Craig’n’Dave Lesson Hacker video

Be sure to visit our website for more insights into the world of technology and the best teaching resources for computer science and business studies. 

Stay informed, stay curious!

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Getting maximum value from Smart Revise with Year 11

15 April 2025

Exams are only a few months away and what your students do now is going to make the biggest impact to their results in August. It almost doesn’t matter what their work ethic has been like up until now, there is still time for all students to achieve their potential if they engage in regular active revision using the best techniques from today. 

Once you have delivered all the course content switch the topic filters to “Student controlled” in Smart Revise. Make sure you have Quiz, Terms reflective, Terms interactive and Advance modes enabled in the class settings. This will allow the students to take charge of what to revise, when and how. 

Top tips for students 

  • Use the Summary report to know the topics that are your strengths and weaknesses. 
  • Click on a Quiz pie chart in the summary report to do multiple-choice questions only on weaker topics. 
  • Look at the Top 10 revision references at the bottom of the summary report.
    These are your specific weaknesses across the whole course. You can watch the Craig’n’Dave videos if that helps but beware of passive revision. 
  • Click on a Terms pie chart in the summary report and filter the cards you want to focus on: sad, neutral, happy, unanswered. Reflective is a passive reflection. Interactive is more challenging but is essential. You should be able to define terms at this stage of the course. Use reflective as a reminder and interactive when you are revising. 
  • Click on an Advance pie chart in the summary report to see exam-style questions. Use the next button to find a question you want to attempt. Start with the low mark questions first and work up. Pretend you are in a real exam. Set an alarm on your phone for the number of marks the question is worth and spend that amount of time answering the question. 
  • Use the built-in mark schemes to mark your answer and be realistic. It doesn’t matter if you get low marks when you are practicing. 
  • If you don’t get full marks, note the question number. Have another go at the same question a few days later to see if you can improve your answer. Use the “last answer” button to see your most recent answer. 
  • Start with low mark questions, but don’t avoid the high mark Advance questions forever. You will get lots of 1–6-mark questions in your exam and one 8-mark question in each paper. 
  • Just because you know something this week doesn’t mean you will remember it next week so don’t neglect the topics you have mostly green on the pie charts in the summary report. Checking you still have the understanding is important. 
  • Start Terms – Leitner mode is good for daily reminders of terminology once you have mostly green or yellow pie charts in most of the topics on your summary report. Remember to set the topic filters to the whole course before using Leitner mode.
     

Beyond Smart Revise 

Although Smart Revise is great, it is important to provide students with real past papers so they can practice writing on lines with a pen too! Some papers will be publicly available on exam board websites, but others will require logging in to their portals to be downloaded. 

We often assume students will just “know” how to revise without being explicitly taught how to. This is a mistake. Show students the technique of mind mapping and build a mind map for a topic with them, maybe using the Terms in Smart Revise for reference. Smart Revise compliments this tried and tested approach, it does not replace it. 

One technique we developed with our students is the “what why web” (see what we did there) which is a scaffolded approach to making a mind map. Write the concept in the middle and then on a second branch state what words are associated with the concept, and on a third branch state why it is necessary, any implications and examples. 

For example, the concept of registers for OCR J277 might look like this: 

As Dunlosky showed, the worst revision students can do is reading their notes, looking over classwork and watching videos because these are passive techniques. Knowledge organisers and revision guides are useful, but they should only be used as a reference guide to check understanding, in themselves they are not revision.

By the way, put those highlighter pens away because research has shown that highlighting notes is worthless!

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Smart Revise: The ultimate tool for effective exam success

12 November 2024

Smart Revise is a continual revision tool with quizzes, exam-style questions, and personalised feedback to boost exam performance and reduce teacher workload. 

Smart Revise: Raising attainment and reducing workloads.

So, What is Smart Revise?

Smart Revise, created by Craig ‘n’ Dave, is transforming how students and teachers approach revision. Rather than cramming at the last minute, it promotes continual practice throughout the course, helping students to master subjects like Computer Science and Business Studies gradually. The platform is designed to make revision less stressful and more effective by aligning practice questions with the research.

But what exactly makes Smart Revise such a game-changer? Let’s dive into how both students and teachers can benefit from this innovative tool.

How teachers can use Smart Revise to boost classroom success

For teachers, Smart Revise is not just a revision tool, it’s a workload reducer. Teachers often spend hours preparing mock exams, quizzes, and practice materials. Smart Revise does that for you. With its extensive question bank, all designed by experienced examiners, the platform allows teachers to set quizzes, homework, and mock exams in a matter of clicks.

The platform provides personalised and diagnostic feedback through its advanced reporting tools, allowing teachers to easily track student progress and pinpoint areas needing intervention. Plus, it supports various assessment techniques like self-marking, peer marking, and even AI marking, ensuring that students get the feedback they need with minimal teacher effort.

Teachers can also use Smart Revise to promote active learning during lessons. Features such as “Tasks” allow teachers to assign extended questions that mirror exam conditions, enabling students to practice longer-answer formats​.

How students can use Smart Revise to ace exams

For students, Smart Revise offers a structured approach to revision that builds confidence. One of the platform’s standout features is its quiz functionality, designed for daily use. These quizzes help students retain knowledge by revisiting past topics in an engaging, low-pressure way. And for those struggling with exam techniques, the platform includes model answers and self-assessment tools so students can refine their responses based on real exam mark schemes​

Another helpful feature is the flashcards, which reinforce essential terms and definitions, helping students retain information over the long term. With Smart Revise, students can practice at their own pace, mixing up topics and question types to keep things fresh and engaging. 

The result? Improved exam performance and reduced last-minute stress​

Ready to revise smarter?

Smart Revise has already proven its worth in classrooms across the UK, helping students improve their grades while lightening the load for teachers. It makes revision more effective and reduces your workload.

If you’re looking for a smarter way to revise or teach, why not try Smart Revise!

Visit Craig’n’Dave’s Smart Revise website to explore all the features. 

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